Introduction to computer networking -Explained for Beginners
What is a Network?
A computer network is a connection of several computers and devices that are linked together to communicate and share resources.
In simple terms, a network allows one computer to connect with another computer.
Purpose of a Network
The main purpose of a network is resource sharing.
Resource sharing means using resources from one computer on another computer through the network.
Examples of resource sharing:
Sharing files and documents
Sharing printers
Sharing servers
Sharing software applications
Sharing data
Sharing files and documents
Sharing printers
Sharing servers
Sharing software applications
Sharing data
Types of Computer Networks
There are mainly three types of computer networks:
LAN – Local Area Network
MAN – Metropolitan Area Network
WAN – Wide Area Network
LAN – Local Area Network
MAN – Metropolitan Area Network
WAN – Wide Area Network
1. Local Area Network (LAN)
A Local Area Network (LAN) is a network that connects computers within a limited area.
Examples:
Within a building
School or college
Office
Bank
Within a building
School or college
Office
Bank
Main Purpose
Sharing resources such as:
Printers
Software applications
Data files
Printers
Software applications
Data files
Advantages
High security because the number of computers is limited
Fast data transfer
High security because the number of computers is limited
Fast data transfer
Drawback
Lack of privacy if many users access shared resources
Lack of privacy if many users access shared resources
2. Metropolitan Area Network (MAN)
A Metropolitan Area Network (MAN) is a network formed by connecting multiple LANs within a city.
Example:
A bank connecting all its branches within a city.
A bank connecting all its branches within a city.
Main Purpose
Sharing data between different locations in the same city.
Sharing data between different locations in the same city.
Features
Uses fiber optic cables or communication cables
Covers a larger area than LAN
Uses fiber optic cables or communication cables
Covers a larger area than LAN
Drawbacks
Requires more cables and infrastructure
Security may be lower compared to LAN
Requires more cables and infrastructure
Security may be lower compared to LAN
3. Wide Area Network (WAN)
A Wide Area Network (WAN) connects computers across different cities, states, or countries.
Transmission Medium
Satellite communication
Telephone lines
Fiber optic cables
Satellite communication
Telephone lines
Fiber optic cables
Main Purpose
Data sharing over long distances
Data sharing over long distances
Features
Connects multiple MANs or LANs
Data transfer often uses routers
Connects multiple MANs or LANs
Data transfer often uses routers
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